Which model indicates that behavioral change is influenced by expected outcomes?

The Social Cognitive Theory effectively illustrates how behavioral change is influenced by expected outcomes. This theory posits that individuals learn from one another through observation, imitation, and modeling. A key component is the concept of self-efficacy, which refers to one's belief in their ability to execute behaviors necessary to produce specific performance attainments.

In this context, when people anticipate positive outcomes from their actions—such as rewards, approval, or achieving personal goals—they are more likely to adopt those behaviors. The idea that anticipated results can motivate or deter behaviors underscores the importance of expectation in the process of behavioral change.

Unlike the Behaviorism Model, which focuses predominantly on observable behaviors and the responses to stimuli without taking into account the cognitive processes, Social Cognitive Theory integrates cognitive factors, making it more comprehensive. Psychodynamic Theory emphasizes internal processes and unconscious motivations, while the Ecological Model considers the broader contextual factors influencing behavior, such as social and environmental elements, rather than the personal expectations of outcomes. Hence, it is the Social Cognitive Theory that aligns best with the notion that expected outcomes significantly influence behavior change.