What model does the World Health Organization (WHO) use for the International Classification of Functioning, Disability, and Health (ICF)?

The International Classification of Functioning, Disability, and Health (ICF) developed by the World Health Organization (WHO) is grounded in the Biopsychosocial Model of Disability. This model integrates biological, psychological, and social factors to provide a comprehensive perspective on health and functioning. It emphasizes that disability is not only a result of physical impairments but also encompasses mental health and social factors that impact an individual's ability to engage in various life activities.

By utilizing the Biopsychosocial Model, the ICF recognizes that health and disability are influenced by an interplay of personal factors (such as genetics, health conditions, and psychological well-being) and environmental factors (like social support, accessibility, and cultural attitudes). This approach fosters a more holistic understanding of individuals’ experiences and helps healthcare professionals identify effective interventions that can improve the quality of life for individuals with disabilities.

Unlike the Medical Model, which primarily views disability through the lens of impairment and focuses on diagnosis and treatment, the Biopsychosocial Model encompasses a broader understanding that includes societal and personal influences. This is key in promoting inclusion and support for individuals with disabilities.